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Sleeve Notes
Many are the tracks that lead from the roots of tradition to the present symbiotic relationship between folk and popular music, most commonly expressed in the rock variant known as electric folk, but one of the tracks runs right through the centre hole of this record. For it was out of a conversation between one of the Sweeney's, Terry Woods and ex- Fairport bass player Ashley "Tyger" Hutchings that Steeleye Span was born.
I first came across the Sweeney's in Dublin about a year before this album was made in 1968. Ireland was only then beginning to emerge from the morass of "ballad groups" that had taken the worst out of groups like the Clancy Brothers and the Dubliners to provide a music that was high on rhythm and very low on subtlety. But good music could be heard.
There was, of course, O'Donoghue's, still a gathering place for the folk of all nations, which was one of the first places I heard someone play a jig on a 12- string guitar (it was on of the Furey brothers, as I recall, with his dad on fiddle) and I realised that there were more possibilities for the contemporary reworkings of traditional material than had been apparent till that moment. There were some interesting Gaelic groups, shocking the language traditionalists by re-structuring the old songs in contemporary vein. One of the most interesting of these was the Emmet Spiceland, with a young Dónal Lunny (later of Planxty and the Bothy Band) playing in it.
And there was Sweeney's Men, consisting of Johnny Moynihan, Andy Irvine, and Terry Woods, who had followed the Johnstons' 1966 version of Ewan MacColl's "The Travelling People" to the top of the Irish charts with "Waxie's Dargle", an arrangement which had enough of the Clancy's and the Dubliners in it to strike a responsive chord in the heart of any stout- swilling Paddy, but with more than a hint of subtler things to come. A lot of this came from Andy's mandolin and Johnny's bouzouki. Fretted instruments had been heard in Irish music for several years reaching their zenith in the superb artistry and musicianship of the Dubliners' Barney McKenna — something which most imitators of the band didn't attempt to emulate — but the blend of the two instruments which Sweeney's Men achieved, and further developed in their work within Planxty, was something unique at that time.
Also unique was the way in which American influences broke in all the way through. This was partly the work of Terry Woods, who brought songs like "Tom Dooley" and "The House Carpenter" into their repertoire, but it was also Andy's American style "cross blown" harmonica on Irish tunes which gave the whole thing an exciting, almost rock flavour. Like the Johnstons, the Sweeney's had to move from the singles- oriented Pye international album- buying public, though before their first album was released Transatlantic put out the first two tracks from Side One as something of a "taster".
It has got to be admitted that though other Irish acts on the label were a fantastic success, Sweeney's Men had less of an impact than they deserved, and though the album has become a widely sought- after classic on the interim, at that time it fell rather badly between two stools. Such is often the way with pioneers.
It was neither rebel- rabble- rousing table- thumping stuff nor unaccompanied finger- holing, neither sweet popped- down talk corn of the Kingston- Countrymen- PPM variety nor raucous bawling, neither Connemar nyah nor country- and- western twang, all of which had their recognised place.
We can now see, with the hindsight of history on our side, that it was something for which a category had not yet been invented. Instead of narrowly nationalistic imprison- implosion in which cross- fertilisations were producing, not a worldwide uniformity without regional variations, but a music in which all the local varieties overlapped and inter- related. It became virtually impossible to say where one began and the next left off.
And so the first album had, besides the obvious Irish songs and tunes, a sea shanty of American origin, a couple of English songs, a ballad learnt from print, and two fairly straight pieces of American traditional material. It also had, in a couple of 9/8 slip jig tunes, more rhythmic spice than many of the four- square pub groups up to that time had dared to savour.
After the album was made, Andy Irvine left to live for a while in the forests of Romania, to be replaced by Henry McCullough, later to achieve even greater fame as a member of Joe Cocker's Grease Band and Paul McCartney's Wings — not the first of the folk guitarists to make it on the rock scene (one thinks also of Noel Murphy's beloved Shaggis, now better known as Davey Johnstone in the Elton John Band).
That second album continued the promising direction of the first, with some original songs joining the previous blend of Irish and American traditional material, but McCullough left to pursue his harder rock ambitions, and the only reference to him on the album was a composer credit on two songs. Not long after, the Sweeney's broke up. Johnny Moynihan ended up in due course back alongside Andy as a member of Planxty. Terry Woods had that watershed conversation with Ashley in the bar at the Keele Folk Festival — a conversation which, by the way, also gave birth to Mr. Fox, — and Steeleye Span was born.
Things began moving fast, and in the rush to electrify our senses the acoustic beginnings of it all tended to be forgotten.
But electric folk, folk rock or whatever you want to call it was not born fully grown from a three- pin socket like some latterday Venus. It developed organically, from small, sometimes hesitant beginnings, many of which have proved more promising than they seemed at the time. For instance, what with the energy crisis, the cost of touring and all, perhaps the eventual direction of this kind of music will be acoustic in the end, and Sweeney's Men will be seen to have rather more than just a beginning.
Perhaps this was the way the music should have developed all along.
Karl Dallas
Rattlin' Roarin' Willy — We think that Robbie Burns had a hand in the words of the slip jig. It features a characteristic Sweeney stroke of playing countermedlodies on bouzouki and mandolin.
Johnny: vocal & bouzouki, Andy: mandolin, Terry: guitar.
Sullivan's John — This was given us by Pecker Dunne, a travelling man and street musician who has been on the road in Ireland since he was a boy. The air is a classic country one and it is not unusual for an Irish singer to use one or other variants of it for several songs in succession.
Johnny: vocal & whistle, Andy: mandolin & harmonica, Terry: 12 string.
Sally Brown — A sea shanty learnt by Andy from a library of Congress recording of an old sailor in a Seamen's Home in Virginia or thereabouts.
Andy: lead vocal, Terry: vocal & concertina, Johnny: vocal.
My Dearest Dear — The words were contributed by Peggy Seeger to a collection of folk songs. The music had not been included, so Terry composed this tune.
Terry: vocal & 12 string, Andy: harmonica, Johnny: bouzouki.
The Exile's Jig — Learnt from a group of traditional musicians in Dublin called Ceoilteoiri Chualann. This is a slip or hop jig (i.e. in 9/8 time). Although a jig, it's a lonesome tune.
Johnny: whistle, Andy: mandolin.
The Handsome Cabin Boy —
Heard from the singing of Bert Lloyd so long ago that the tune has become more and more like a similar Irish song 'Down Erin's Lovely Lee'.
Johnny: vocal & bouzouki, Terry: 12 string, Andy: harmonica.
Dicey Riley — A song dressed in a large black feathered hat, a shawl, rusty full length skirts and a pair of button boots. 'The heart of the rowl', or roll, refers to the choice tobacco to be found in the centre of a twist of same. This song can still be heard in many a pub in Dublin.
Johnny: lead vocal, Terry: vocal, Andy: vocal.
Tom Dooley — One of the best known American murder ballads, this version is very close to one recorded by Doc Watson and probably comes from the same source.
Terry: lead vocal & guitar, Johnny: vocal & bouzouki, Andy: mandolin.
Willy O' Winsbury — A ballad for which Andy is renowned. He got the text from Child's 'English And Scottish Popular Ballads'; looking up the tune he got his numbers confused, and emerged with the wrong air. By chance it suited the song very well.
Andy vocal & guitar.
Dance to your Daddy — A dandling song. To be sung while dandling a baby on your knee. Like 'Rattlin' Roarin' Willy', it is short on words and has a good tune.
Andy: vocal & mandolin, Johnny: vocal & whistle, Terry: guitar.
The House Carpenter — An old ballad of the supernatural which has affected people's imaginations so much over the years that it is now very widespread. This collated version is based on a recording by the American country musician Clarence Ashley.
Terry: vocal & 5 string banjo.
Johnston — A strange compelling song about a treacherous murder on the highway for motives which are not made clear. We know very little about this song.
Johnny: vocal & whistle, Andy: bouzouki, Terry: guitar.
Reynard The Fox — Celebrates a fox chase which took place in 1793, and seems to have covered the length and breadth of Ireland. Many of those who took part have since passed on. In fact there's only Monigan left and he's not too well.
Andy: lead vocal & mandolin, Terry: vocal & 12 string, Johnny: vocal.
Song notes by Johnny Moynihan